Tuesday, July 1, 2014

PAINTINGS ON PAPER | Summer group exhibit at David Zwirner

Paintings on Paper. The exhibit title summons up associations of color, gesture, and the immediacy of paint along with the informality of works on paper. The act of painting on paper is personal and intimate. Without the laborious preparation necessary for painting on panels or stretched canvas, and working with the entire field in focus, the painter can execute concentrated and honest investigations. The small size of these paintings demand close examination, and the surface of the various papers provide yet another layer of richness to these explorations.

This splendid exhibit now up at David Zwirner in NYC, includes 48 paintings on paper by 11 artists, most completed in the last six years, but with several pieces dating back to 1949. The artists included in the show span several generations, from Ad Reinhardt and Raoul de Keyser, to  Stanely Whitney and Suzan Frecon, to Ilse D'Hollander and Ben Berlow. (The complete list: Ad Reinhardt, James Bishop, Raoul De Keyser, Mary Heilmann, Suzan Frecon, Stanley Whitney, Al Taylor, Paolo Monteiro, Ilse D'Hollander, Rebecca Morris, and Ben Berlow.) 

RAOUL DE KEYSER, Untitled, 1999, watercolor on paper, 9 x 12.25"

Although for some painters, works on paper may be viewed as studies for larger pieces, these small paintings on paper constitute discrete and fully realized bodies of work for each of these artists.

All of pieces in the exhibition are in the realm of abstraction --  some an investigation of spatial relationships, others referencing structure, while still others incorporate highly personal and ambiguous forms. While gouache is a frequent choice of these artists, there are also works in acrylic, ink, watercolor and oil. The papers on which these pieces are painted range from newsprint and old Indian ledger paper, to highly textured handmade paper and crisp white sheets of Fabriano.

What follows below is a personal tour of the work I found most engaging, rather than a comprehensive walk through the entire exhibit. 

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The exhibit begins with a wall of 7 pieces -- the largest is 8 x 6" --  by Ben Berlow (born in 1980, he is the youngest artist with work in the exhibit.) Executed variously in goauche, caseine, graphite and ink, these offer up a personal take on geometric abstraction and also serve to introduce several threads that run through the exhibit -- intimacy of scale, painterly mark-making, and very personal and introspective investigations.

BEN BERLOW, left to right: Untitled, 2013, casein, house paint and graphite on paper, 8 x 8.5"; Untitled, 2013, collage, graphite, gouache, and ink on paper, 8 x 5.5"; Untitled, 2013, casein and graphite on paper, 7.5 x 8.75"


The north gallery room features work by Al Taylor, Suzan Frecon, Mary Heilmann and Stanley Whitney. On one wall is a group of five pieces from the mid 1980s by Al Taylor ((1948-1999).  His work offers up explorations of spatial relationships with open lattice work painted over broad areas of color. These acrylic on newsprint pieces (image size approximately 12.5" high x 10" wide) are bold and unfussy.

AL TAYLOR


AL TAYLOR, left: [no title], ca. 1984-85, acrylic paint on newsprint, 12.5 x 10.25"; right: [no title], ca. 1984-85, acrylic paint on newsprint, 12.5 x 9.75"

Click here to see some of Taylor's three-dimensional assemblages from found materials as well as additional paintings on paper.


4 watercolors by Suzan Frecon (b. 1941) allow for an entirely different  experience. Each painting is quietly assertive, suggesting a relaxed contemplation of form and color, the slight awkwardness of the shapes in dialogue with the irregularity of the paper's surface and edges. Frecon works on old Indian ledger paper, often somewhat discolored by age, and each sheet is slightly different in size (11.5 x 16.5" at the largest). Rather than seeking 'perfection' of form, Frecon asks us to consider the engagement of the painted forms with the entirety of the paper--noticing where the form meets the edge of the sheet or extends beyond. She often allows the watercolor to puddle, creating subtle variations across the surface and integrating the painted forms into the paper.


SUZAN FRECON


SUZAN FRECON, curved and angled terre verte over ochre,  2014, watercolor on single-weight agate-burnished Indian jute paper, 11 3/8 x 15 3/4"

SUZAN FRECON, quadrant/fan compositions, 2, 2014, watercolor on found agate-burnished old Indian rag ledger paper, 9.75 x 12.25"


In stark contrast to the serenity of the paintings by Frecon are works by Mary Heilmann and Stanley Whitney. The two pieces by Mary Heilmann (b. 1940) are black and white acrylic on richly textured paper. The stark geometry of her pieces contrast with the irregular edges of the handmade paper. They are no-nonsense, bold statements, one suggesting vertical movement and the other, a layering of space.
 
MARY HEILMANN, left; STANLEY WHITNEY, right



MARY HEILMANN, left: Negative Space One, 2014, Acrylic on handmade paper, 11.5 x 11.5"; right: Negative Space Two, 2014, Acrylic on handmade paper, 12 x 15"


The two elegant pieces by Stanley Whitney (b. 1946), also in black and white, loosely reference the structure of his large, colorful paintings while offering an entirely different investigation. One piece suggests a compression of space across the array, while the other becomes an expansive exhalation. Additionally, the irregular lattice-like grids in these gouache pieces also engage with the pieces by Taylor on the adjacent wall.


STANLEY WHITNEY, Untitled, 2009, Gouache on Fabriano paper, 11 x 11"

STANLEY WHITNEY, Untitled, 2009, Gouache on Fabriano paper, 11 x 15.25"


Two substantial pieces by Ad Reinhardt (1913-1967) provide a glimpse of  mark-making that he gradually eliminated from his later monumental, reductivist paintings.

AD REINHARDT, Number 2, 1949-50, gouache, oil and watercolor on paper, 22-1/2 x 31"

The Belgian painter Ilse D'Hollander (1968-1997) is represented with an installation of six confidently executed gouache on paper paintings. While definitively abstract, her palette reflects landscape elements and the compositions reference built structures. Quite small (the largest is 7 x 5"), they invite close examination of her vigorous and fluid brushwork. 

ILSE D'HOLLANDER



ILSE D'HOLLANDER, Untitled, 1996, gouache on paper, 6-7/8 x 5"

Intrigued by this introduction to her work, my online search revealed a body of larger oil paintings suffused with emotional intensity. Click here to see a selection of her oil paintings and scroll across.  


The work of Raoul de Keyser (1930-2012) brings us into the realm of personal and ambiguous iconography. Four of the five pieces on exhibit include closed ovoid forms that float across the sheet (see De Keyser image at the top of this post). Apologies for all the distracting reflections in the photos, but they were unavoidable.

RAOUL DE KEYSER, Untitled, 2000, pencil and watercolor on paper, 7 1/16 x 4 7/8"
Given my inclination towards structure, I also found the piece below deeply satisfying. 


RAOUL DE KEYSER, Untitled, 1997, Watercolor on paper, 14-1/8 x 8-1/4"


Rebecca Morris (b. 1969) is represented with a diverse group of 5 pieces, several with somewhat formal compositional elements. More substantial in size than many other works in the exhibit, her use of ink and watercolor overlayed an inviting informality to the rigor of the compositions. 

REBECCA MORRIS, Untitled (#292-13), 2013, Ink and watercolor on paper, 20 x 14 3/16"

 
REBECCA MORRIS, Untitled (#300-13), 2013, Ink and watercolor on paper, 23-15/16 x 17-13/16"

The exhibit includes two recently executed and subtly-hued pieces by James Bishop (b. 1927) that quietly investigate flat space and linear structure, as well as several works by Paolo Monteiro (b. 1961) that depict colorful personal vistas.
 
JAMES BISHOP, Untitled, 2011, Oil and crayon on paper, 4 x 4-1/2"


PAOLO MONTEIRO, Untitled, 2012, watercolor on paper, 14-15/16 x 10-15/16"

This is just a small sample of the 48 works in this wonderfully satisfying show. Paintings on Paper remains on exhibit through August 15, 2014 at David Zwirner, 537 West 20th Street, New York.

To see the entire image list from the exhibit, click here.

Saturday, March 15, 2014

Sincerity and calm: Mingei at Pace Gallery


Mingei: Are You Here?
PACE / 508 West 25th Street, through April 5, 2014

Mingei was a Japanese folk craft movement established in 1926 when the Japan was experiencing rapid westernization and urbanization.  As stated in the press release for this exhibit:  [Mingei] sought to maintain the cultural identities and traditions of varied histories across Japan. The title of the exhibition refers to the philosophical ethos of Mingei which champions the everyday, ordinary and utilitarian objects created by nameless and unknown craftsmen.”


Kettle hook hanger, Daikoku Type, 19th century, zelkova wood


What makes this exhibit so wonderful is the juxtaposition of work from across centuries and traditions, both eastern and western, all linked by the devotion to principles of simplicity and sincerity.  Again, quoting from the press release: "According to Soetsu Yanagi, Founder of the Mingeikan -- Japan Folk Crafts Museum, 'Dishonesty, depravity, and luxury - this is what Mingei objects must avoid at all costs; all that is natural, sincere, safe and simple -- these are the characteristics of Mingei art.' "

James Lee Byars ink on paper drawing (see full caption below) and Kenzo Tange, Chair, 1957, plywood frame and back, upholstered seat

James Lee Byars, Untitled, c. 1959, ink on Japanese paper, in 4 parts.  Please note that the central area is actually uninflected black ink; what reads as dark spots is a reflection from a gallery wall.


The exhibit, curated by Nicolas Trembley, includes more than 80 items (paintings, sculptures, works on paper, ceramics and textiles) made by unnamed Japanese craftsmen, Eastern and Western 20th century artists and designers, as well as contemporary artists. On view: a 16th century ceramic sake container, a 1981 obsidian sculpture by Noguchi, elegant porcelain pottery designed by Peter Muller, as well as tattered pre-WWII Japanese textiles. The 30 artists include Anni Albers, Josef Albers, Isamu Noguchi, Ruth Asara, James Lee Byars, designers Peter Muller, Kenzo Tange, and Charlotte Perriand, as well as other contemporary and traditional artists.  Apart from several brightly hued hangings, much of the work reflects a rich but neutral palette of black, white, tan and brown.



It is beautifully installed and fortunately, there are no labels to interfere with the experience of gazing at the work. (An exhaustive list is available at the gallery desk if you want all the details. All caption information is from the gallery list.)  There are even a couple of benches in the gallery to allow for more relaxed contemplation, which this work most certainly encourages.  The one annoyance (which will be evident from the photos) was that it was difficult to fully enjoy the works framed under glass because of excessive reflections. 

Sgrafo Modern Korallen Series (designed by Peter Muller), c. 1960-1980, porcelain

Lee Ufan, From Winds, 1982, watercolor on paper


While I will be returning to the gallery for a second (and probably third) look, the standouts this time were the ink on paper drawings by James Lee Byars, works by Noguchi and the Kenzo Tange chair. Several of the older ceramic pieces were placed in protective vitrines and I was unable to capture decent photos, but I will add images of more of the textiles after a return visit.

For installation views, visit the Pace website by clicking here
To read an article about the exhibit in The Brooklyn Rail, click here.

Front row, far left: Sake Bags, Pre-WWII. Center: Mino, Farmers rain cape, early 1900s, woven rice straw, hemp and seawood.  Right: Backpack, late 1800s, indigo dyed cotton, fiber.  Back: James Lee Byars, Untitled, c. 1960, ink on Japanese paper

Front, left:  Valentin Carron, Pot 1, 2013, concrete. Front, right: a glimpse of an 18th century stoneware sake bottle. Wall, left: Robert Ryman, Marshall, 1998, oil and acrylic on stretched linen. Right: Ruth Asawa, Untitled (S. 114. Hanging, Six-Lobed Continuous Form within a Form with One Suspended and Two Tied Spheres), c. 1958, iron copper and brass wire.

Left: Ruth Asaw (see above). Center: Isamu Noguchi, Untitled, 1981, obsidian. Right: Charlotte Perriand, Low chair, c. 1950, bamboo. On the wall: N. Dash, Untitled, 2014, adobe, pigment, acrylic, linen, jute, wood support
From left: Anni Albers, Haiku, 1961, cotton, hemp, metallic thread, wool; Josef Albers, Tialoc, 1944, woodcut; Josef Albers, Above the Water, 1944 woodcut; Josef Albers, Astatic, 1944, woodcut; Josef Albers, Zelle/Tents, 1932, woodcut.  Courtesy the Josef and Anni Albers Foundation.

Saturday, January 25, 2014

A year in the studio


A little over a year ago, I walked into my nearly empty studio soon after a group of paintings had been shipped out for a solo exhibit. I gave myself a week to catch my breath, settle down and then resume my work in the studio.  Although I hoped to avoid the post-exhibit slump, I felt listless and directionless. I started to work on several new paintings that were directly connected to the previous body of work, but with little enthusiasm. As this continued for several weeks, I became increasingly despondent. Was I struggling because I had just hit a tough spot, or was I struggling because it was time to shift directions?  In preparation for the solo exhibit, I had narrowed my focus—not wanting to become distracted. Perhaps this was the moment to re-engage with ideas that had cropped up earlier but had been put aside.

The most exhilarating, but at times terrifying pursuit in the studio can be to set off in new directions-- exhilarating, because everything seems possible; terrifying, because nothing is certain.  To place some limits on the uncertainty I set up a few rules. First, since my paintings develop slowly over many months, I decided to do small works on paper that could be executed fairly rapidly.  Next, since one element of my recent work had emphasized areas of rhythmic busyness, I would push myself to dramatically pare down the compositions.  Finally, not only would I limit compositional complexity, I would also place restrictions on my palette.  Of course, through all of this I recognized that while these forays might yield dramatic changes in my work, they might also just lead to a subtle realignment of priorities.

Over the next twelve months I would follow my rules, completely abandon them, and then return to them once again. I found myself energized, utterly deflated, and occasionally thrilled at what I saw emerging in the studio. I would work with great enthusiasm and then hit a wall. I saw connections to topics I addressed in previous posts on this blog (Painting in Black and White; A personal take on Rockburne). But as the year progressed, I felt as if I had accomplished very little.

In preparation for a studio visit towards the end of 2013, I looked at all that I had done--looking for the common threads, looking to see which (if any) of the directions I had pursued resonated with me.  Several observations emerged from this review: It was a relief to discover that I hadn’t wasted my year; I quickly identified avenues that held little interest for me; I had a better understanding of several directions that did excite me; but I still had no idea where I was heading.

What follows then, is a glimpse of my year in the studio, roughly in the sequence that I worked on each project (some of which were pursued simultaneously). Although I’ve provided just a few images, each project includes between 10 and 25 finished pieces. 


February 2013 /       Untitled     oil on paper, 9.75 x 10.5 inches
My first series shows a close connection to the work from the exhibit, although I did follow my rule of working with a restricted palette. Determined to break away from rigid rectilinear forms, I abandoned this group after a few weeks.



March 2013  /   Untitled     gouache and oil pastel      6 x 6 inches
This project was prompted both by my interest in working in black and white as well as a desire to add linear gestures to my images. 







April – July 2013    /       Criss Cross    oil on paper, 9.75 x 10.5 inches 
Although the process would be slower, I resumed my work with oil paint on paper, with an emphasis on developing compositions that were spare, but dynamic. As the series expanded, the palette gradually shifted into colors I considered more decorative, adding an unwanted associative element. 







June -July 2013  /        This That     oil on paper    10 x 6.25 inches
I found the process of developing This That meditative and quite satisfying. Once again, I was searching for a dynamic tension while restricting the number of elements in the composition. I also wanted to dip my toes into working with curvilinear forms, something I generally avoid.



July 2013  /    charcoal on paper   8.25 x 9 inches
With this group of drawings, I returned to making visible marks but worked the image by lifting off charcoal with a kneaded eraser, rather than by adding lines on top of the field (as I had done with the gouache and oil pastel).  The drawings were executed quickly, meeting one of my rules.





August – September 2013   /   Tangle    charcoal on paper   8.25 x 9 inches
Clearly, this series marked a major departure for me. It emerged in response to my boredom working with more or less parallel lines, and immediately engaged my interest. After I built up the field of charcoal and began to draw (with a kneaded eraser), the images emerged fairly rapidly, in a single, relatively short work session. Although I've taken a hiatus from this series, it has a very powerful hold on me--I love the intense energy these drawings embody. I expect there will be another iteration of Tangle--perhaps in a few months, perhaps in a few years. 



 May 2013 – January 2014   /    Untitled     oil on wood panel    15” x 14.5 inches 
Although one of my self-imposed rules had been to restrict myself to work that could be produced quickly, I repeatedly returned to this series of small wood panels throughout much of the year. In earlier paintings on panel, I used rough sandpaper on small patches of the paintings to create textures and reveal underlayers. Now I wanted to see what happened when those areas became a more prominent element in my compositions and in my process.  As with my earlier paintings, the process entails multiple sessions in the studio until the composition of each painting begins to emerge. Thin paint layers are repeatedly added and partially sanded off.  Yes, these are slow paintings. But I stuck to my other rules of keeping the composition spare and the restricting the palette.






It is clear to me that I'm not yet ready to settle down. Indeed, there are already a few new explorations underway. But it has been a satisfying year in the studio.  






Wednesday, January 1, 2014

Leon Polk Smith

The work of Leon Polk Smith (1906-1996) is currently featured in two exhibits (in New York at Washburn Gallery and in Chicago at Valerie Carberry), and was recently the focus of a 'Kabinett' at Art Basel Miami Beach.  His paintings and works on paper are included in numerous museum collections across the United States and he is well known to those acquainted with American minimalism. The impact of Leon Polk Smith on several generations of reductivist artists is profound. However, I expect that Smith's work is not familiar to some, or perhaps many, of my readers. While I prefer his early work, I've included images from his entire oevre.  


"The content of all of my works for over forty years has been mainly concerned with space and color. And my driving interest in the study of the history of art and its evolvements has been with artists' concepts of space and their use of color."  
(Leon Polk Smith, 1982. Published in Leon Polk Smith, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Musee de Grenoble, 1989)


To consider the work of Leon Polk Smith, it is helpful to acknowledge the influence of Mondrian, which Smith did quite directly in his paintings of the 1940s and 1950s.  The 2006 centenary exhibit at Washburn Gallery shows this quite eloquently. 
(All photos in this section are from the Washburn Gallery website).

Installation view of the 2006 centenary exhibit

LEON POLK SMITH   Diagonal Passage #9, 1949, oil on canvas, 46 x 36 inches


The current exhibit at Washburn Gallery in NY:  Cherokee | Chickasaw | Choctaw  shows a selection of his work from the 1940s. Smith grew up in Oklahoma and had Cherokee ancestors. The influence of the visual traditions of the Southwest are clearly evident in the work of this period, as is the influence of Mondrian. (All photos in this section are from the Washburn Gallery website).

LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1945, gouache on paper, 19 7/8 x 14 1/4 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1945, gouache on paper, 40 x 25 1/2 inches
LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1946, gouache on paper, 40 x 25 1/2 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Composition in Red, Yellow, Black, 1948, oil on wood panel, 12 x 12 inches


In the 1950s, Smith began to move away from rectilinear forms.  He also began to work on shaped canvases, with a reduced palette and pared down compositions often limited to just two or three forms. Additional work from the 1950s can be seen below in the section on the exhibit at Valerie Carberry.
(Images in this section are from the Leon Polk Smith Foundation)


LEON POLK SMITH   Kanawa, 1956    oil on canvas, 41 inches diameter

LEON POLK SMITH   Okemah, 1955    oil on canvas, 47 inches diameter

The Kabinett installation at Art Basel Miami Beach (from Valerie Carberry Gallery) featured work from the 1950s and 60s. (Photos in this section courtesy of Joanne Mattera Art Blog).


LEON POLK SMITH  Untitled, 1963, enamel on wood, 12.25 x 3.625 x 1.5 inches


The current exhibit at Valerie Carberry in Chicago, Leon Polk Smith: Space Considered  includes paintings and collages from the mid 1950s through mid 1960s. (All photos in this section are from the Valerie Carberry Gallery website).

"I set out from Mondrian to find a way of freeing this concept of space so that it could be expressed with the use of curved line as well as straight. I soon found that this was not an easy thing to do. After more than a decade of intense search and painting (in 1954) somewhat by accident, while drawing with free line on a spherical surface, I observed a concomitant situation wherein the idea of space and form were complimentary to each other as well as interchangeable." 
(Leon Polk Smith, 1961. Published in Leon Polk Smith, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Musee de Grenoble, 1989).



LEON POLK SMITH  Untitled  collage on paper, 1958, 26.25 x 20.25 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   WHITE-WHITE  acrylic on paper, 1955, 23.75 x 19 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Red-Black-Red (2 Approaching Spheres) oil on shaped masonite, 1955, 17 x 10.25 inches

In the 1960s and 1970s, Smith's focus shifted to clusters of shaped canvases and significantly increased in size. I have included photos from the 1995 exhibit at the Brooklyn Museum to provide a sense of scale. This  exhibit included work from the 1930s through the 1990s. At the museum website are many installation views as well as descriptive information about the evolution of Smith's work.
(All photos in this section are from the Brooklyn Museum website).




To give you a sense of the dramatic increase in scale, the double panel painting shown above, Form Space #1: Red Wing, 1979, is 48 x 181 inches (in the collection of MOMA).


The 1960s through 1980s brought a return to a brighter, multi-colored palette as Smith continued working with shaped canvases, often in large clusters. The 1990s, the final period of work, brought a renewed interest in line, simplified composition and a reduced palette.

(Images in this section are from the Leon Polk Smith Foundation)

LEON POLK SMITH   Constellation Blue-Gold, 1972   oil on canvas, 4 elements, 82 x 95 3/4 inches

LEON POLK SMITH   Sunset Caribe, 1983    acrylic on canvas, 60 x 112 inches

LEON POLK SMITH   Open Space, 1990   acrylic on canvas, 68 x 60 inches

Throughout his fifty+ year career, Leon Polk Smith's work evidenced a joyful embrace of color and form, and it is gratifying that it continues to be actively exhibited.


To see an archive of images along with biographical information and interviews, visit the Leon Polk Smith Foundation.