Saturday, January 25, 2014

A year in the studio


A little over a year ago, I walked into my nearly empty studio soon after a group of paintings had been shipped out for a solo exhibit. I gave myself a week to catch my breath, settle down and then resume my work in the studio.  Although I hoped to avoid the post-exhibit slump, I felt listless and directionless. I started to work on several new paintings that were directly connected to the previous body of work, but with little enthusiasm. As this continued for several weeks, I became increasingly despondent. Was I struggling because I had just hit a tough spot, or was I struggling because it was time to shift directions?  In preparation for the solo exhibit, I had narrowed my focus—not wanting to become distracted. Perhaps this was the moment to re-engage with ideas that had cropped up earlier but had been put aside.

The most exhilarating, but at times terrifying pursuit in the studio can be to set off in new directions-- exhilarating, because everything seems possible; terrifying, because nothing is certain.  To place some limits on the uncertainty I set up a few rules. First, since my paintings develop slowly over many months, I decided to do small works on paper that could be executed fairly rapidly.  Next, since one element of my recent work had emphasized areas of rhythmic busyness, I would push myself to dramatically pare down the compositions.  Finally, not only would I limit compositional complexity, I would also place restrictions on my palette.  Of course, through all of this I recognized that while these forays might yield dramatic changes in my work, they might also just lead to a subtle realignment of priorities.

Over the next twelve months I would follow my rules, completely abandon them, and then return to them once again. I found myself energized, utterly deflated, and occasionally thrilled at what I saw emerging in the studio. I would work with great enthusiasm and then hit a wall. I saw connections to topics I addressed in previous posts on this blog (Painting in Black and White; A personal take on Rockburne). But as the year progressed, I felt as if I had accomplished very little.

In preparation for a studio visit towards the end of 2013, I looked at all that I had done--looking for the common threads, looking to see which (if any) of the directions I had pursued resonated with me.  Several observations emerged from this review: It was a relief to discover that I hadn’t wasted my year; I quickly identified avenues that held little interest for me; I had a better understanding of several directions that did excite me; but I still had no idea where I was heading.

What follows then, is a glimpse of my year in the studio, roughly in the sequence that I worked on each project (some of which were pursued simultaneously). Although I’ve provided just a few images, each project includes between 10 and 25 finished pieces. 


February 2013 /       Untitled     oil on paper, 9.75 x 10.5 inches
My first series shows a close connection to the work from the exhibit, although I did follow my rule of working with a restricted palette. Determined to break away from rigid rectilinear forms, I abandoned this group after a few weeks.



March 2013  /   Untitled     gouache and oil pastel      6 x 6 inches
This project was prompted both by my interest in working in black and white as well as a desire to add linear gestures to my images. 







April – July 2013    /       Criss Cross    oil on paper, 9.75 x 10.5 inches 
Although the process would be slower, I resumed my work with oil paint on paper, with an emphasis on developing compositions that were spare, but dynamic. As the series expanded, the palette gradually shifted into colors I considered more decorative, adding an unwanted associative element. 







June -July 2013  /        This That     oil on paper    10 x 6.25 inches
I found the process of developing This That meditative and quite satisfying. Once again, I was searching for a dynamic tension while restricting the number of elements in the composition. I also wanted to dip my toes into working with curvilinear forms, something I generally avoid.



July 2013  /    charcoal on paper   8.25 x 9 inches
With this group of drawings, I returned to making visible marks but worked the image by lifting off charcoal with a kneaded eraser, rather than by adding lines on top of the field (as I had done with the gouache and oil pastel).  The drawings were executed quickly, meeting one of my rules.





August – September 2013   /   Tangle    charcoal on paper   8.25 x 9 inches
Clearly, this series marked a major departure for me. It emerged in response to my boredom working with more or less parallel lines, and immediately engaged my interest. After I built up the field of charcoal and began to draw (with a kneaded eraser), the images emerged fairly rapidly, in a single, relatively short work session. Although I've taken a hiatus from this series, it has a very powerful hold on me--I love the intense energy these drawings embody. I expect there will be another iteration of Tangle--perhaps in a few months, perhaps in a few years. 



 May 2013 – January 2014   /    Untitled     oil on wood panel    15” x 14.5 inches 
Although one of my self-imposed rules had been to restrict myself to work that could be produced quickly, I repeatedly returned to this series of small wood panels throughout much of the year. In earlier paintings on panel, I used rough sandpaper on small patches of the paintings to create textures and reveal underlayers. Now I wanted to see what happened when those areas became a more prominent element in my compositions and in my process.  As with my earlier paintings, the process entails multiple sessions in the studio until the composition of each painting begins to emerge. Thin paint layers are repeatedly added and partially sanded off.  Yes, these are slow paintings. But I stuck to my other rules of keeping the composition spare and the restricting the palette.






It is clear to me that I'm not yet ready to settle down. Indeed, there are already a few new explorations underway. But it has been a satisfying year in the studio.  






Wednesday, January 1, 2014

Leon Polk Smith

The work of Leon Polk Smith (1906-1996) is currently featured in two exhibits (in New York at Washburn Gallery and in Chicago at Valerie Carberry), and was recently the focus of a 'Kabinett' at Art Basel Miami Beach.  His paintings and works on paper are included in numerous museum collections across the United States and he is well known to those acquainted with American minimalism. The impact of Leon Polk Smith on several generations of reductivist artists is profound. However, I expect that Smith's work is not familiar to some, or perhaps many, of my readers. While I prefer his early work, I've included images from his entire oevre.  


"The content of all of my works for over forty years has been mainly concerned with space and color. And my driving interest in the study of the history of art and its evolvements has been with artists' concepts of space and their use of color."  
(Leon Polk Smith, 1982. Published in Leon Polk Smith, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Musee de Grenoble, 1989)


To consider the work of Leon Polk Smith, it is helpful to acknowledge the influence of Mondrian, which Smith did quite directly in his paintings of the 1940s and 1950s.  The 2006 centenary exhibit at Washburn Gallery shows this quite eloquently. 
(All photos in this section are from the Washburn Gallery website).

Installation view of the 2006 centenary exhibit

LEON POLK SMITH   Diagonal Passage #9, 1949, oil on canvas, 46 x 36 inches


The current exhibit at Washburn Gallery in NY:  Cherokee | Chickasaw | Choctaw  shows a selection of his work from the 1940s. Smith grew up in Oklahoma and had Cherokee ancestors. The influence of the visual traditions of the Southwest are clearly evident in the work of this period, as is the influence of Mondrian. (All photos in this section are from the Washburn Gallery website).

LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1945, gouache on paper, 19 7/8 x 14 1/4 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1945, gouache on paper, 40 x 25 1/2 inches
LEON POLK SMITH   Untitled, 1946, gouache on paper, 40 x 25 1/2 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Composition in Red, Yellow, Black, 1948, oil on wood panel, 12 x 12 inches


In the 1950s, Smith began to move away from rectilinear forms.  He also began to work on shaped canvases, with a reduced palette and pared down compositions often limited to just two or three forms. Additional work from the 1950s can be seen below in the section on the exhibit at Valerie Carberry.
(Images in this section are from the Leon Polk Smith Foundation)


LEON POLK SMITH   Kanawa, 1956    oil on canvas, 41 inches diameter

LEON POLK SMITH   Okemah, 1955    oil on canvas, 47 inches diameter

The Kabinett installation at Art Basel Miami Beach (from Valerie Carberry Gallery) featured work from the 1950s and 60s. (Photos in this section courtesy of Joanne Mattera Art Blog).


LEON POLK SMITH  Untitled, 1963, enamel on wood, 12.25 x 3.625 x 1.5 inches


The current exhibit at Valerie Carberry in Chicago, Leon Polk Smith: Space Considered  includes paintings and collages from the mid 1950s through mid 1960s. (All photos in this section are from the Valerie Carberry Gallery website).

"I set out from Mondrian to find a way of freeing this concept of space so that it could be expressed with the use of curved line as well as straight. I soon found that this was not an easy thing to do. After more than a decade of intense search and painting (in 1954) somewhat by accident, while drawing with free line on a spherical surface, I observed a concomitant situation wherein the idea of space and form were complimentary to each other as well as interchangeable." 
(Leon Polk Smith, 1961. Published in Leon Polk Smith, Wilhelm-Hack-Museum, Ludwigshafen am Rhein and Musee de Grenoble, 1989).



LEON POLK SMITH  Untitled  collage on paper, 1958, 26.25 x 20.25 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   WHITE-WHITE  acrylic on paper, 1955, 23.75 x 19 inches


LEON POLK SMITH   Red-Black-Red (2 Approaching Spheres) oil on shaped masonite, 1955, 17 x 10.25 inches

In the 1960s and 1970s, Smith's focus shifted to clusters of shaped canvases and significantly increased in size. I have included photos from the 1995 exhibit at the Brooklyn Museum to provide a sense of scale. This  exhibit included work from the 1930s through the 1990s. At the museum website are many installation views as well as descriptive information about the evolution of Smith's work.
(All photos in this section are from the Brooklyn Museum website).




To give you a sense of the dramatic increase in scale, the double panel painting shown above, Form Space #1: Red Wing, 1979, is 48 x 181 inches (in the collection of MOMA).


The 1960s through 1980s brought a return to a brighter, multi-colored palette as Smith continued working with shaped canvases, often in large clusters. The 1990s, the final period of work, brought a renewed interest in line, simplified composition and a reduced palette.

(Images in this section are from the Leon Polk Smith Foundation)

LEON POLK SMITH   Constellation Blue-Gold, 1972   oil on canvas, 4 elements, 82 x 95 3/4 inches

LEON POLK SMITH   Sunset Caribe, 1983    acrylic on canvas, 60 x 112 inches

LEON POLK SMITH   Open Space, 1990   acrylic on canvas, 68 x 60 inches

Throughout his fifty+ year career, Leon Polk Smith's work evidenced a joyful embrace of color and form, and it is gratifying that it continues to be actively exhibited.


To see an archive of images along with biographical information and interviews, visit the Leon Polk Smith Foundation.


Sunday, October 20, 2013

A personal take on Rockburne

Although I have seen many exhibits of her work over the past thirty years, my recent visit to  Dorothea Rockburne:  Drawing Which Makes Itself (on view at MOMA through January 20, 2014)  prompted me to explore why her work matters to me. After much looking and reading, I understood that Rockburne's appeal came from the open-ended possibilities that her work offered me, and that how she uses materials is central to my experience of her work. I've incorporated quotations from a number of interviews and articles, and a list of links to the complete articles can be found at the end of this post.


But first, a very brief glimpse of the MOMA exhibit. 
Drawing Which Makes Itself is organized around a series of works from the early to mid-1970s, executed in a variety of materials, such as carbon-paper, cut and folded paper, kraft paper coated with copal varnish as well as chipboard infused with crude oil. Also included are several pieces from the 1980s in paper, watercolor on vellum and canvas, as well as two fairly recent watercolors. The exhibit title is derived from the large wall and floor installations from the 1970s that are on view (created using carbon, carbon transfer, and pencil on paper).  For an installation view, click here. Many of the works on exhibit inhabit a space somewhere between drawing and sculpture.
  
Several pieces and series were of particular interest to me.

Locus is a series of six folded paper pieces. Although not initially apparent, these are relief etchings with aquatint on folded paper. There appear to be both incised and embossed lines and some sections of the paper are matte, while other areas have a slightly reflective surface. 

Above and below:      Dorothea Rockburne   Untitled from Locus, 1972       Etching and aquatint on folded paper   39 3/4 x 30 1/16" 



Several pieces from the Copal series are also on view. These drawings, from 1977-79, are executed on Kraft paper with copal oil, varnish, and blue pencil. As with the Locus series, some surface areas are matte, while others are more reflective. Additionally, as the folded layers overlap, there are varying degrees of translucence or opacity. N.B. I couldn't find an image from the Copal series; pictured below is work from similar series.


Dorothea Rockburne   Roman Series: Roman II, 1978   kraft paper, varnish and blue colored pencil on ragboard    44 x 39"

Perhaps my favorite work in this show is a wall installation titled Scalar. To create this piece, Rockburne soaked pieces of chipboard and paper in crude oil. The resulting panels have a variety of visual textures--some are rather grainy in appearance while others are soft and atmospheric. The rectangular panels are arranged with some overlap and nailed to the wall. An oil saturated sheet of paper emerges from between two panels on the left side, providing the single curved element of the piece, as well as serving to add physical depth to an otherwise flat piece.

Dorothea Rockburne   Scalar, 1971    chipboard, crude oil, paper and nails   80 x 114.5 x 3.5"   Collection of the Museum of Modern Art



My journey with Rockburne's work.

My initial exposure to Rockburne’s work came in the mid-1980s. At that time, although I was mesmerized by the work of Mondrian and Diebenkorn, I was far more comfortable viewing and making work that was to a great degree anchored in representation. So I was puzzled, yet tantalized, by Rockburne’s Angel series, with its juxtaposition of vibrantly hued fields against a tight geometry of folded forms. I was unable to articulate what drew me to her work, but I felt compelled to stay with it. That was the first lesson of her work-- take your time, stay with it, keep looking.  (One piece from the Angel series is included in the MOMA exhibit).
 
Dorothea Rockburne   Angel Study, Influence   1982  watercolor on vellum, 32.5" x 25.5"

I continued to follow her work over the decades, intrigued by some exhibits, but often finding myself distanced from and unable to find my way in. And there I left it. But now, decades later, the significant evolution of my own work has made it the right time to explore the connections I continue to feel with Rockburne's work.

ROCKBURNE and MATHEMATICS    Much has been made of Rockburne's extensive study of mathematics when she was a student at Black Mountain College. While she did explore set theory and the geometry of the golden section, she insists that her work should not be seen as being about mathematics. Rather, that mathematics is but one facet of thinking that contributes to her work. 
“My interest in Set Theory is not that Set Theory has to do with art, because it doesn’t. I am an artist, and it is one of my tools, the way graphite is. The usage of it comes from personal experience.........   In Peru, I visited the ruins at Sacsayhuaman outside of Cusco. The way the stones go together got to me. It’s not about huge stones. The experience of the object relates to particular intellectual inquiries: the decisions of mass and interstices, one never dominating the other. The “Set” of stones sits there quietly, an experience of information     From an Interview with Dorothea Rockburne by Jennifer Licht, Artforum, March 1972 
Although when I look at Rockburne's work I'm not thinking about the way it is informed by her interest in mathematics, her comments about set theory provide me with another way of considering my own explorations. Set theory is very much about identifying the attributes that establish inclusion or exclusion from the set. While of course, there are underlying rules in my own work, the parameters are often fairly porous in that I never know where the work will take me. When I accept into the painting a form, mark or color that falls outside the preferred attributes, it often becomes the mark around which the piece coalesces. So to the extent that we are aware of the attributes of a set, we become highly attuned to what is possible just beyond it. That was lesson 2, also central to my understanding of Rockburne.


ROCKBURNE and MATERIALS
Perhaps it is our expectation that narrowing one's choice of materials will necessarily narrow the range of outcomes.  But with Rockburne I find that not at all to be the case. It is as if by deliberately limiting the materials she uses for each series, she has freed up what she can achieve. The works within a series don't repeat an experience but instead offer subtle variations on it. And what we can glean from looking at just one piece is magnified considerably after spending time with several pieces in the series.

Clearly, her choice of materials impacts our experience, but it does not define it. (Her selection of crude oil and chip board for Scalar was deliberate, but due in large part to its low cost and ready availability.) Again, as with her familiarity with mathematics, her work isn't about a particular material (such as crude oil or carbon paper), but rather its use reveals other things she wants us to notice. By coating parts of a sheet of kraft paper with copal varnish, we experience the way light falls on different areas of the sheet, its translucence or opacity. Locus got me thinking about hard and soft folds and how we perceive what is barely visible. In the Angel series, by folding a sheet of brilliant but disembodied color into stark geometric forms, she makes us aware of planes, space, and light, and yes, the beauty of the colors.  Lesson 3--limit your options and then run wild, see where it can take you.


ROCKBURNE and SLOW ART   
Rockburne's work is very much about expanding our perceptions, not limiting them. One needs to be patient, because what her work offers is not revealed quickly. However, Rockburne suggests that while she works for "a complexity of ideas. . . . that doesn't mean that the work is complicated."  Jennifer Licht, Artforum, March 1972
 “One of the keys to Rockburne’s work is that there is no explicit message encoded within her overlapping, interpenetrating, light filled planes. They are neither comments about the art object nor icons to the ineffable. They manage to accomplish something far more difficult in these grim, materialistic times; they evoke beauty, openness, the usefulness of doubt, and the possibility of creative freedom. Both deeply self critical and wildly assertive, their dynamic realm is riddled with uncertainties, and yet inhabited by imagination and desire.”    John Yau, from the introduction to a 1989-1990 exhibition at Andre Emmerich Gallery.
Rockburne's work is achieved after a great deal of thinking and planning, but is not in any way didactic. Instead of channeling a viewer towards a particular answer, with patience one arrives at a place of wonder. So I have returned to the first lesson I absorbed from her work many years ago--it isn't necessary to have understanding to find meaning, just keep looking.
LINKS

Click here for the current Rockburne exhibit at MOMA.
 
Click here to read the Jennifer Licht interview with Rockburne, Artforum, March 1972 

Click here to read John Yau, "Light and Dark", introduction to the exhibition catalog for DOROTHEA ROCKBURNE New Work: Cut-Ins, Andre Emmerich Gallery, 1989-1990.  

Click here for information about a Rockburne exhibit now up at Jill Newhouse Gallery, New York. The exhibit includes additional works from the 1973 series, Drawing Which Makes Itself.

Rockburne maintains a website on artnet.com with a comprehensive selection of her work from the 1960's to the present. Click here to view the website.
 

Monday, August 12, 2013

Summer round-up

As NYC galleries close their doors for the late-summer break, here's a glimpse of what I saw at several group exhibits......
 
DOPPLER
at Parallel Art Space

Curated by Mel Prest, Doppler features work by 22 artists who explore the interplay of two and three dimensional space, often hovering in a sensory space between the two.  The installation beautifully highlights dialogues between clusters of adjacent works. With the exception of a wall painting by Gilbert Hsiao and a large canvas by Karen Schifano, all of the pieces on exhibit are intimate in size. 

The work on view spans a wide variety of approaches to art-making: ranging from the pared down elegance of Brent Hallard, Kevin Finklea and Richard Bottwin, to the complex surfaces of Mel Prest, Stephen Maine and Steven Baris, and the subtle geometries of Debra Ramsay and Nancy White.

For a comprehensive walk through of the exhibit, click here to see photographs taken by Richard Bottwin, one of the artists whose work is in the exhibit.  

There is still one more weekend to see this wonderful exhibit, which closes on Sunday, August 18.



Installation view, left wall GILBERT HSIAO.   photo from Parallel Art Space FB page


From top left, counter-clockwise:  ALBERT ROSKAM, RICHARD BOTTWIN, RUTH VAN VEENEN, photo courtesy of Richard Bottwin

                From left to right:  GRACE KHOUW, STEPHEN MAINE, MEL PREST, EDGAR DIEHL                   photo courtesy of Richard Bottwin
 Parallel Art Space, 17-17 Troutman Street, Ridgewood NY 



STRAIGHT LINES IN FIVE DIRECTIONS
at Garvey|Simon Art Access in Chelsea

Explorations of the straight line by five artists working with different intentions and in a variety of materials.

SUSAN SCHWALB    Toccata #60, 2013     Mixed metalpoint on paper   9 x 9 inches
You can see more work by Schwalb by clicking here.



KATE CARR    Block E, 2012    Baltic birch plywood and felt   20 x 5 x 3 inches

See more work by CARR by clicking here



 
   DAN WALSH   Untitled (OGV-Violet, OGV-Green & OGV-Orange), 2007      Set of three woodcuts,  each 23 x 49 inches
You can see more prints by Walsh by clicking here.

This group exhibit (with work by Kate Carr, Susie Rosmarin, Susan Schwalb, James Siena and Dan Walsh) remains up through August 23.  Garvey|Simon Art Access, 547 West 27th Street, New York.  Photos from the gallery website.


RETICULATE
at McKenzie Fine Art

The focus of this group exhibit was work in which webs and nets play a role in the construction of space. Reticulate features work by 17 artists which vary in size from the intimate ink on paper drawings of Lori Ellison and small panels by Laura Sharp Wilson to large canvases by Jason Karolak and Jason Rohlf.



 
IVO RINGE    Right on Top of the Skin, 2011    Acrylic on linen     28 x 24 inches





 To see more work by Ivo Ringe, click here.


LORI ELLISON    Untitled, 2012    Ink on paper    11 5/8 x 8 1/4
 For more work by Lori Ellison, click here.

CATHRYN ARCOMANO   Mirea Series #33, 1981    Oil on canvasette   10 3/4 x 11 3/4 inches

MARK SHEINKMAN    Mercer, 2013    Oil, alkyd and graphite on paper     16 x 13 inches
For more by Mark Sheinkman, click here.

McKenzie Fine Art, 55 Orchard Street, NYC. The exhibit includes the work of 17 artists and is up through August 17.  Photos from the gallery website.